Environmental Impacts of the Conflict in Gaza

A Growing Crisis

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Amal Ismail

The war in Gaza has devastating consequences not only for people but also for the environment. The destruction caused by war has led to severe damage to infrastructure, land, air, and water resources, exacerbating an already fragile ecological system. A recent assessment by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) highlights the escalating environmental crisis and its long-term consequences.

Water Contamination and Scarcity

One of the most environmental issues in Gaza is the contamination of water sources. Over 97% of Gaza’s water is unfit for human consumption due to groundwater depletion and seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. By February 2025, 208 out of 306 wells were entirely out of service, with 39 partially operational. In addition, bombardments have destroyed water treatment facilities, leading to over 150,000 cubic meters of raw sewage being dumped into the Mediterranean Sea daily, threatening marine life and public health. The lack of safe water has caused a surge in waterborne diseases, especially among children, with cases of diarrhea and skin infections increasing by 30% in recent months.

Air and Soil Pollution

The war has also led to significant air and soil pollution, as constant airstrikes and explosions have released hazardous chemicals, including heavy metals and asbestos, into the atmosphere. The collapse of buildings has generated over 50 million tons of debris, much of which is laced with toxic materials. As residents burn waste due to the breakdown of waste management systems, the release of dioxins and other carcinogens has exacerbated respiratory issues, with hospitals reporting a 25% rise in respiratory illnesses, and over 40% of Gaza’s farmland has been damaged.

Waste Management Crisis

Gaza’s waste management system has collapsed because of war. The sheer volume of rubble, combined with limited resources for waste disposal, has led to uncontrolled dumping in urban areas and along coastlines. Landfills are overflowing, and the lack of proper waste treatment facilities has further exacerbated environmental and health risks.

Loss of Biodiversity and Agricultural Devastation

Gaza's agricultural sector has suffered severe damage due to the conflict. The destruction of farmland, greenhouses, and irrigation systems has significantly reduced food production. Furthermore, military operations, including the destruction of underground tunnels and the use of heavy machinery, have altered soil composition, making it more difficult for agriculture.

The region’s fragile biodiversity is also under threat. Coastal and wetland habitats, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, have been severely impacted by pollution and destruction.

Urgent Need for Environmental Rehabilitation

Addressing Gaza’s environmental crisis requires immediate and coordinated action. The UNEP report calls for urgent measures, including:

Restoration of water treatment facilities to prevent further contamination of drinking water.
Safe disposal and recycling of war debris to reduce hazardous waste and pollution.
Soil and land rehabilitation programs to revive agricultural production and food security.
Implementation of renewable energy solutions to decrease reliance on fuel and mitigate pollution.
Biodiversity conservation initiatives to restore Gaza’s damaged ecosystems.

In conclusion, the environmental impacts of the Gaza conflict have been catastrophic, affecting every facet of life in the region. Addressing these challenges necessitates immediate and coordinated efforts focused on environmental rehabilitation, infrastructure reconstruction, and the implementation of sustainable solutions to ensure the well-being of Gaza's population. The international community must recognize the environmental impact of war as a critical issue that requires urgent attention alongside humanitarian relief efforts.

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